Sound and Letters
There are twenty six (26) letters in english alphabet as below.
a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, j, k, l, m, n, o, p, q, r, s, t, u, v, w, x, y, z,
The sound of an english letters are divided into two groups which are called Vowel and Consonants.
Let’s break down the definition of a vowel.
Vowel
a, e, i, o, u,
Above letters of an english alphabet are vowels.
Definition: Speech sound made without audible stopping of breath by the tongue and lips etc.
For Example: Write, Small
I have written some words now you can find which letters are vowels in above words if you can’t i will find out.
Take a look and listen carefully, In word “Write” there are “i”, “e” and in word “Small” there is only “a” are the vowels.
I think it is so simple and easy to understand i hope that you have gotten.
Now let’s define the consonants.
Consonants
b, c, d, f, g, h, j, k, l, m, n, p, q, r, s, t, v, w, x, y, z
These letters are consonants that means in english alphabet five specific letters are vowels and all are consonants.
Now it’s time to write down the definition of the consonants.
Definition: Speech sound produced by completely or partially obstructing the air being breathed out through the mouth.
For Example: Small
I have written down the word above small now we should find consonant letters.
The consonant letters are “S, m, ll”.
We have completed Vowels and consonants but if you have any doubt about that so you can comment for your confusion, we will clear that.
Parts Of Speech
I think that you know and listen about above basic grammar major point.
Vowels and consonants make words and we can use these words into the sentences, and these words are divided into eight parts which are called parts of speech and there names are as below.
- Noun
- Pronoun
- Verb
- Adjective
- Adverb
- Preposition
- Conjunction
- Interjection
These words are basic and important parts to learn and speak an english language quick, fast and frequently.
Noun
Let’s explain the first part of the speech word called noun.
Definition: A noun is a word which is used as the name of a person, place, animal or a thing.
You can also define a noun, It is a naming word.
Here is a one more easy and simple definition for a noun you can explain like below.
A noun is a word which can be the subject or object of a verb or the object of a prepositon.
In a noun there are some sections for using a noun in your sentences.
- Name of a Person: Aslam, Muneer, Mehwish, Sana, Rukaiya, Farzana, Yusra etc.
- Name of a Place: Mosque, College, Hostel, library, House etc.
- Name of an Animal: Dog, Cat, Rat, Mouse, Camel etc.
- Name of a Thing:
When we talk about the thing there are two types of things to define more easy to understand.
(a) The things which can be seen and touched.
Examples: Book, Chair, Table, Pen, Ball, Bat, Desk and more.
(b) The things which cannot be seen or touched but only can be felt.
Examples: Fever, Hate, Smell, Taste, Jealousy and more.
Kinds Of Noun
There are five kinds of a noun, for better understanding.
- Proper Noun
- Common Noun
- Collective Noun
- Abstract Noun
- Material Noun
Proper Noun
The particular name of a person, place, animal or a thing is called a proper noun.
Examples: Irfan, Imran, Kamran, Hyderabad, March, Sunday, Cat etc.
Common Noun
The name of a common places and things is called a common noun.
Examples: Man, Woman, City, Day, Car, Bike etc.
Collective Noun
A singular noun denoting a collection or number of individuals is called a collective noun.
Examples: Family, Flock, Bunch, Class, Troop etc.
Abstract Noun
A noun denoting quality or state is called an abstract noun.
The name of things which cannot be seen or touched but can only be felt.
Examples: Kindness, Rudeness, Piety, Poverty, Richness, Bitterness etc.
Material Noun
The names given to the agricultural or mineral things are called material noun.
Examples: Wheat, Maize, Gypsum etc.
Pronoun
Definition: A pronoun is a word which is used instead of a noun.
Examples: I, We, You, He, She, It, They
Here is a simple sentence example that define how to use a pronoun in your sentence.
Safdar is my friend. He studies in class seven.
Now listen carefully “Safdar” is a noun and “He” is a Pronoun.
In the pronoun there are some personal pronouns to understand english grammar easily.
Personal Pronouns
Definition: A pronoun used instead of the name of a person is called personal pronoun. This is the formula table for understanding.
| Singular | Plural | |
| First Person | I | We |
| Second Person | You | You |
| Third Person | He, She, It | They |
Defining the Personal Pronouns.
First Person
Definition: A pronoun is a word which demonstrates the speaker that is called a first person.
Examples: I am taking exercise. We are playing a game.
Second Person
In this pronoun “You singular” and “You plural” comes. So we even call someone without his/her name then we say you.
Examples: You are stingy. You are tricky.
Third Person
In this pronoun He, She, It, They comes. When we talk about something then we use pronoun instead of it’s name that is called third person.
Examples: Jameel was not present in the class. Nazia was angry. (These sentences are without pronoun).
Examples: He was not present in the class. She was angry. They were smart. They were beautiful. It is costly.
Demonstrative Pronouns
Definition: A demonstrative pronoun indicates the person or thing referred to.
Examples: This is my bike. That is your car. These are our houses. Those are your bungalows.
In above sentences That, These, Those are demonstrative pronouns but if This, That, These, Those used with noun called Demonstrative Adjective.
Examples: This man is brave. That girl is my wife. These books are authentic. Those days are unforgettable.
Verb
Word Verb is taken from the Latin language and it keeps very importance in the sentences.
Definition: It is a word used to indicate an action, state or occurrence.
Example: I Write a letter. Manzoor has become an actor. He is a sincere friend.
Kinds of Verb
There are two kinds of a verb.
- Maib Verb
- Auxiliary or Helping Verb
Main Verb
It is also called an action verb.
Example: She calls you. Safdar drives a car. I sing a song. I cut a tree.
Auxiliary Verb
Definition: It is a word which is used to form tenses, moods etc.
Example: He does not obey my order. Did you call me?
Forms Of Verb
There are three forms of a verb. Which is used into different tenses.
| 1st Form | Present |
| 2nd Form | Past |
| 3rd Form | Present Perfect |
Examples: I remember a poem. I remembered a poem. I have remembered a poem.
Examples: I write a letter. I wrote a letter. I have written a letter.
Regular Verbs/ Weak Verbs
Those verbs to make their 2nd form and 3rd form add “d” or ‘”ed” in the last of the word that are called regular verbs or weak verbs. And in english language the quantity of these verbs are unlimited.
Example:
| 1st Form | 2nd Form | 3rd Form |
| Present Tense | Past Tense | Present Perfect Tense |
| Like | Liked | Liked |
| Move | Moved | Moved |
| Close | Closed | Closed |
| Love | Loved | Loved |
| Receive | Received | Received |
Irregular Verbs / Strong Verbs
Those verbs to make 2nd and 3rd forms changing in their vowels and add some more letters in last of the word are called irregular verbs. There quantity is limited.
Transitive Verb
Definition: A verb taking a direct object expressed or understood, is called a transitive verb.
Example: She bought a pen. He drives a car. I catch a ball.
Intransitive verb
Definition: A verb which does not take an object.
Example: I go to school. He slept on the bed.
Adjective
Definition: An adjective is a word used to add something to the meaning of a noun. Or you can also explain like this, A word used to show quality, quantity, virtue or vise of a noun is called an adjective.
Adverb
Definition: It is a word which is used to modify an adjective, verb or an other adverb.
Preposition
Definition: A word governing a noun or pronoun and expressing the relation to another wordor element is called preposition.
Conjunction
Definition: A conjunction is a word which connects sentences or words.
Interjection
Definition: An interjection is a word which expresses some sudden feelings of relief, pain, surprise and admiration etc.
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