Tenses

Definition: The word tense is taken from latin language word called “Tempus” which means time. You can also define as below.

It is a form taken by a verb to indicate the time of an action, Tense is always limited to the verbs.

Kinds Of The Tenses

We can divide the time only into three parts and they are as below.

• Present Tense
• Past Tense
• Future Tense

Present Simple Tense

Definition:

(a). This tense expresses an action or state in the present time.

(b). This tense shows a habit in the present time.

Example:

• I read a Book.
• Aslam draws a picture.
• I say the prayers.

Present Simple Tense formation

Subject + Verb

• I Speak.
• We go.
• You write.
• They come.

When 3rd person singular and noun alone used in the sentence as subject then we use verb 1st form and S or ES.

• He runs.
• She laughs.
• It Shines.
• Tariq weeps.

Negative Sentence

Formation:

Subject + do/does + not + verb (1st form) + object.

• I do not open the door.
• We do not make noise.
• She does not wait for anybody.
• Mohsin does not take a tea.

Interrogative Sentence

Formation:

Do/Does + subject + verb.

• Do you come.
• Do they sleep.
• Does she read.
• Does feroz laugh.

Negative Interrogative Sentence

Formation:

Do/Does + subject + not + verb ?

Don’t/Doesn’t + subject +verb?

• Do you not come?
• Does she not read?

Emphatic Sentence

Formation:

Subject + do/does + verb.

• I do write.
• You do come.
• She does speak.

Use of To Be in present time

Formation:

Subject + To Be + Complement.

• He is a doctor.
• I am a teacher.
• She is tall.
• You are a naughty boy.

To make sentence negative we add not after the verb, you can see below.

Subject + to be + not + complement.

• They are not my friends.
• You are not active.
• Saleem is not clever.

To make the sentence Interrogative we add to be verb before the subject, you can see as below.

To be + subject + complement.

• Are they your friends?
• Are you active?
• Is saleem clever?
• Am I your enemy?

To make sentence Interrogative Negative first place To be verb then subject and in the last put not the complete formation is as below.

To be + subject + not + complement

• Are they not your friends?
• Is saleem not clever?

Present Continuous Tense

Definition: The Subject is doing some work in the present time.

Example:

• They are waiting for their turn.
• I am listening the radio.

Formation:

subject + to be + verb + ing

• He is breathing.
• They are chatting.
• Aslam is teaching us.
• She is sweeping the floor.
• I am taking bath.
• I am going to london.
• Zamir is arriving now.

We have learned how to make negative, interrogative, negative Interrogative sentences above so now we do not need to discuss again.

Present Perfect Tense

Definition: This tense denotes a completed event or an action viewed in relation to the present.

• I have bought a car.
• You have wasted your money.

Formation:

Subject + have/has + verb 3rd form + object

• Zamir has threatened him.
• You have regained your popularity.
• We have hoisted the flag.
• She has won the prize.
• He has rendered the great services for the betterment of the people.
• I have experienced many ups and downs in my long life.

Present perfect continuous tense

Definition: This tense used for an action which began in the past and still continuing.

• I have been remembering you.

Formation:

Subject + have been/ has been + verb 3rd form + ing + object

• I have been working In this department since 2010.
• We have been waiting for the results since yesterday.
• She has been weeping since morning.
• He has been guiding me since my childhood.
• Aslam has been planning for fifteen days to buy a car.
• They have been preparing for three months but the date for the examinations has still not been announced.

If you want to learn negative and interrogative sentences please read above this article.